Branodunum (Brancaster) Roman Fort
Minor Settlement and Saxon Shore Fort
Branodunum or Branodvnvm is a walled Roman fort identified from the list of Saxon Shore forts in the Notitia Dignitatum. In the late 2nd century AD a conjectural fort is established in response to coastal raiding. On either side of the fort a settlement, which has been excavated, is laid out in an ordered fashion. In the second quarter of the 3rd century AD the original fort is replaced by the Saxon Shore fort on the same site.
Brancaster (Norfolk), dug in 1846, was found to have walls 11 feet thick, at the base, faced and bonded with sandstone. No bastions were recognised, with the exception of projecting towers at the east gate ; and in the north-east angle an internal corner-tower, like those of second-century forts, was found. There were two gates, and the fort measured 570 feet each way, which would imply an area of between 6 and 7 acres.” (Collingwood, p.49)
The Burgh Castle fort is situated near the northern coastline of Norfolk at the eastern lip of The Wash. Although in Roman times the shore of Brancaster Bay lay just outside the northern ramparts, the fort now lies . It was defended by a 10 ft. (2.9 m) wide wall backed by an earthen rampart and fronted by a single ditch, square in outline with rounded corners and internal angle-towers, measuring about 525 ft square (c.160 m²) internally (570 ft² overall), enclosing an area of about 6¼ acres (c.2.56 ha). There were four gateways, one set centrally in each rampart wall; no gatehouses are apparent, neither are there any projecting bastions, a common feature in many forts of the “Saxon Shore”. The fort faced north towards the Breydon Water.
The Brancaster Entry in the Notitia Dignitatum
Equites Dalmatarum Branodunensium – The Dalmatian Horsemen of Branodunum
“The commander of the Dalmatian horsemen of Branodunum at Branodunum.”
There is another regiment of Equites Dalmatarum in the Notitia Dignitatum, stationed on the north-east coast at Bridlington. It is possible that these two units of Dalmatian Horsemen were formed from a single unidentified parent unit sometime during the late-3rd or early-4th centuries, specifically in order to garrison these “Saxon Shore Defences”.
Epigraphic Evidence from Brancaster
Cohors Primae Aquitanorum – The First Cohort of Aquitani
“[Property of] the First Cohort of Aquitanians.”
(Britannia 1975.25; stamped tile)
The classical and epigraphic evidence for Brancaster is sparse. The fort is named in the Notitia Dignitatum, a “list of dignitaries” produced in the late-fourth or early-fifth century, which names every Legionary and Auxiliary unit in the Roman empire, along with the location of their garrison fort and the military rank of their commanding officer. In the N.D. Brancaster is named Branoduno and is located between the entries for Portus Lemanis (Lympne, Kent) and Gariannum (Burgh Castle, Norfolk). The only Latin text on stone recovered from the Brancaster fort and listed in the R.I.B., is an altarstone dedicated to the demi-god Hercules (vide RIB 214b infra); there is also record of another auxiliary garrison unit in the form of stamped roofing tiles, bearing the name Cohors I Aquitanorum (see above).
Visiting Brancaster Roman Fort
References for Brancaster Roman Fort
- The Archaeology of Roman Britain by R.G. Collingwood (Methuen, London, 1930);
- Air Reconnaissance of Southern Britain by J.K. St. Joseph in J.R.S. xliii (1953) pp.81-97;
- Britannia v (1974) p.461 no.2;
- Britannia vi (1975) p.288 no.25;
- The Roman Shore Forts – Coastal Defences of Southern Britain by Andrew Pearson (Tempus, Stroud, 2002);
Roman Roads near Branodvnvm
Probable road: W (6) to Holme Probable road: S (20) to Kempstone
Sites near Branodunum (Brancaster) Roman Fort
- Branodunum (Brancaster) Vicus (0 km)
Vicus - Thornham Signal Roman Station (6 km)
Signal Station - Holme Port (9 km)
Port and Probable Settlement - Snettisham (14 km)
Probable Settlement and Villa - Skegness (27 km)
Probable Port and Settlement - Kempstone (29 km)
Settlement - Billingford Settlement (33 km)
Settlement - Swaffham (41 km)
Roman-Building - Saham Toney (44 km)
Marching or Temporary Camp and Probable Settlement - Brampton Roman Settlement (49 km)
Minor Settlement and Pottery