Macellum

This was a covered market for trading and could be housed as colonnades, aisled halls, or rooms around courtyards. Examples of them are known at Leicester, Wroxeter and Verulamium.

You might like to read the following

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Discovering Roman Britain

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Roman Sites to visit in South East England

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Best Roman Forts to Visit in Britain

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Best Roman Villas to Visit in Britain

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Top 10 Roman Sites to visit in England

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Discovering Roman Norfolk

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Roman Sites to visit in the Cotswolds

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Discovering Roman Cornwall

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Roman Sites to visit in South West England

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Roman Roads of Britain

Roman Roads of Wales

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Roman Britain

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The Celts and Celtic Life

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The Sack of Rome by the Celts

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Celtic Arms & Armor

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What were the Lands of the Celts?

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An Overview of the Historic Ages of Britain

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Celtic Art

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Celtic Craftsmen and Artisans

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Where did the Celts Originate from?

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The Celtic Tribes of Britain

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Celtic Religion & Mythology

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Ancient Celtic Religion & Beliefs

The Gods of Gaul and the Continental Celts

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The Druids and Druidism

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What role did animals play in Celtic Mythology?

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The Celtic Otherworld

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Welsh Mythology & the Mabinogi

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Penarddun

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Dôn

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Beli Mawr

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Goewin

$https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Math-fab-Mathonwy-150x150.webp$

Math

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Gofannon fab Dôn

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Amaethon fab Dôn

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Arianrhod of the Silver Wheel

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Gwydion fab Dôn

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Gilfaethwy mab Dôn

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Elestron fab Dôn

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Lleu Llaw Gyffes

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Dylan ail Don

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Blodeuwedd

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Eufydd uab Dôn

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Llŷr

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Brân the Blessed

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Rhiannon

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Branwen ferch Llŷr

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Heveydd Hen

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Manawydan fab Llŷr

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Efnisien

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Nisien

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Euroswydd

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Gwyn ap Nudd

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Hafgan, Lord of Annwn

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Arawn, Lord of Annwn

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Matholwch, King of Ireland

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Pwyll, Lord of Dyfed

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Pryderi, Lord of Dyfed

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Fortified Sites in Celtic Britain

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Farming in Celtic Britain

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Festivals & the Celtic Year

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The Roman Military of Britain

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Roman Army: Structure & Soldiers

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Roman Legions: From Tribal Levy to Imperial Legion

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Roman Legions: Structure and Ranks

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Roman Legions: The Time of Caesar

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Roman Legions: Formations

Roman Legionaries: Armour

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Roman Cavalry

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Development of Roman Mailed Cavalry

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Roman Legionaries: Centurions

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Roman Legionaries: Veterans

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Roman Legionaries: Weapons

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Roman Legionaries: Standards

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Roman Frontier Systems in Britain

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The Fosse Way Frontier

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The Antonine Wall

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Glen Blocking Forts & Gask Ridge c.AD85

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The Stanegate Frontier c.AD105

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Hadrian's Wall AD122

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Coastal Defences & the Saxon Shore

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Military Units of Roman Britain

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Roman Legions of Britain

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Legio VII Claudia

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Legio X Equestris

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Legio XX Valeria Victrix

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Legio IX Hispana

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Legio XIV Gemina

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Legio VIII Augusta

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Legio VI Victrix

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Legio II Augusta

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Legio II Adiutrix

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Legio XXII Deiotariana

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Legio XXII Primigenia

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Catervae Britanniarum - The Irregular Auxiliary Units of Britain

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Alae Britanniarum - The Auxiliary Cavalry Wings of Britain

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The Auxiliary Infantry Cohorts of Britain

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The Praetorian Guard

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Numeri Exploratorum - The Companies of Scouts

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Classis Britannica - The British Fleet

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Roman Fortresses, Forts and Camps

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Legionary and Vexillation Fortresses

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The Structure of a Roman Fort

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Roman Forts and Fortlets in England

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Forts and Fortlets in Wales

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Forts and Fortlets in Scotland

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Temporary Marching Camps in England

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Temporary Marching Camps in Scotland

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Temporary Marching Camps in Wales

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Roman Military Glossary

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Roman Conquest & Occupation of Britain

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Julius Caesar's Invasion (55 BC & 54BC)

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How did Caesar’s invasion effect Britain?

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Julius Caesar's First Invasion of Britain (55 BC)

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Julius Caesar's Second Invasion of Britain (54 BC)

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Caligula & the 2nd Invasion of Britain (40AD)

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Claudian Invasion and Conquest (43-60AD)

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Why did the Emperor Claudius invade Britain in 43AD?

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The Claudian Invasion of Britain (43AD)

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The Battle of Medway (43AD)

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Roman Advance from the Medway to Camulodunium

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Who were the Eleven British Kings who surrendered to Claudius?

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Emperor Claudius' Victory Celebrations

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The Military Campaign of Aulus Plautius (AD43-46)

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The Tribes Revolt (47 AD)

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Campaigns of Ostorius Scapula (47-52AD)

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Caratacus's Last Stand (50AD)

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Trouble in Brigantia (52 - 57 AD)

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Aulus Didius Gallus (52-57AD)

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Quintus Veranius (57/58AD)

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Suetonius Paulinus (58–61AD)

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The Conquest of Wales and Southern England

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Boudica and the Iceni Revolt (cAD60-61)

Recovery After the Boudiccan Rebellion

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Boudica & The Battle of Watling Street

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Boudica and the Fall of Verulamium (St Albans)

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Boudica’s Attack on Colchester (Camulodunum)

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The Causes of the Iceni Revolt (60AD)

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What did Boudica look like?

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Was Boudica a High Priestess?

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Boudica, Boudicca or Boadicea?

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Who was Boudica?

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Boudica's Revolt and the Sack of London (Londinium)

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The Consequences of the Boudican Rebellion

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Boudica - Classical References

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Consolidation and Pacification (61-78 AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Publius-Petronius-Turpilianus-150x150.webp

Publius Petronius Turpilianus (61/2-63AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Marcus-Trebellius-Maximus-150x150.webp

Marcus Trebellius Maximus (63 -69AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Giulio_Romano_-_The_Battle_of_the_Milvian_Bridge-150x150.jpg

Roman Civil War and its effect on Britain (AD68)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Marcus-Vettius-Bolanus-150x150.webp

Marcus Vettius Bolanus (69 -71AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/The-Brigantian-Revolt-150x150.webp

The Brigantian Revolt (69AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Quintus-Petilius-Cerialis-150x150.webp

Quintus Petilius Cerialis (AD71-73/4)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Governor-Sextus-Julius-Frontinus-150x150.webp

Sextus Julius Frontinus (73/4–77/8AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Flavian-Period-and-Agricolas-Campaigns-1-150x150.webp

Agricola & Caledonia (77-117AD)

Gnaeus Julius Agricola (AD77/8-83/4)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Agricolas-Forces-150x150.webp

Agricola's Forces

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Agricola-Administration-Reforms-150x150.webp

Agricola Administration Reforms (78AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Ordovices-flee-Agricolas-troops-150x150.webp

Agricola & the Conquest of the Ordovices (77AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Consolidating-the-Lands-of-the-Brigantes-150x150.webp

Consolidating the Lands of the Brigantes (78AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Advancing-Beyond-Brigantia-150x150.webp

Advancing Beyond Brigantia (79AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Agricolas-Fourth-Season-150x150.webp

Consolidating the Lowlands - Agricola's Forth Season (80AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Calgacus-addressing-the-Caledonians-150x150.webp

Who was Calgacus?

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Agricolas-fifth-season-150x150.webp

Lands of the Novantae - Agricola's Fifth Season (81AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Agricolas-Forts-and-Camps-150x150.webp

Agricola's Forts and Camps

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Legio-X-Equestris-150x150.webp

Agricola's Sixth Season (82AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Caledonian-soldiers-forming-their-battle-lines-on-the-morning-of-the-Battle-of-Mons-Graupius-150x150.webp

The Battle of Mons Graupius (82AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Forts-of-the-First-Flavian-Period-150x150.webp

Forts of the First Flavian Period (AD85–c.90)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/The-Mutiny-of-the-Cohors-Primae-Ubiorum-150x150.webp

The Mutiny of the Cohors Primae Ubiorum

Forts of the Second Flavian Period (c90–105AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Arbeia-Gatehouse-Reconstruction-5-1-150x150.jpg

Roman Britain Timeline

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Hadrians-Wall-150x150.webp

Hadrianic Britain (117-136AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Forts-of-the-Hadrianic-Period-150x150.webp

Forts of the Hadrianic Period

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Antonine-Period-150x150.webp

Antonine Period (136–192AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Antonine-Period-and-the-Occupation-of-the-Scottish-Lowlands-150x150.webp

The Antonine Invasion of Scotland

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/wooden-roman-fort-being-built-in-the-First-Antonine-Period-150x150.webp

Forts of the First Antonine Period

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Forts-of-the-Second-Antonine-Period-150x150.webp

Forts of the Second Antonine Period

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Severus-and-the-Third-Century-150x150.webp

Severus and the Third Century (192–259AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Forts-from-the-Severan-Campaigns-in-Scotland-150x150.webp

Forts from the Severan Campaigns in Scotland (222–224AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Carausius-and-the-Late-Third-Century-150x150.webp

Carausius and the Late Third Century

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Emperor-Constantine-the-Great-150x150.webp

Constantine and Early 4th Century

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Great-Conspiracy-150x150.webp

The Great Conspiracy & Late 4th Century Britain

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Was-Magnus-Maximus-part-of-the-Gothic-Uprising-150x150.webp

Was Magnus Maximus part of the Gothic Uprising?

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Religion-and-the-Barbarian-Conspiracy-150x150.webp

Religion and the Barbarian Conspiracy

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Who-was-Magnus-Maximus-150x150.webp

Who was Magnus Maximus?

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Prelude-to-the-Barbarian-Conspiracy-150x150.webp

Prelude to the Barbarian Conspiracy

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Magnus-Maximus-marrying-the-Welsh-princess-Elen-150x150.webp

Magnus Maximus in Welsh legend

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Magnus-Maximus-Refereneces-150x150.webp

References for Magnus Maximus

The Great Conspiracy

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Barbarian-Conspiracy-150x150.webp

References for the Barbarian Conspiracy

Constantine III (Western Roman emperor)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Revolt-of-407-150x150.webp

The Revolt of 407

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Roman-Empire-364-411AD-150x150.webp

Roman Empire 364-411AD

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Gaul-in-the-early-5th-century-150x150.webp

Gaul in the early 5th Century

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Post-Roman-Britain-150x150.webp

Post Roman Britain

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Dark-Ages-kingdoms-150x150.webp

The Rise of the Kingdoms

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Who-was-Vortigern-150x150.webp

Who was Vortigern?

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Ambrosius-Aurelianus-150x150.webp

Who Was Ambrosius Aurelianus?

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/The-Age-of-King-Arthur-150x150.webp

King Arthur: Historical or Legendary?

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/King-Arthur-Historical-References-150x150.webp

Historical King Arthur: References

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Arthur-King-of-the-Britons-150x150.webp

Historical King Arthur: A Dark Age King?

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/King-Arthur-and-Brittany-150x150.webp

Historical King Arthur: Breton King?

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/King-Arthur-or-Riothamus-150x150.webp

Historical King Arthur: Riothamus?

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Was-Arthur-a-Silurian-King-150x150.webp

Historical King Arthur: A Silurian King?

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Was-King-Arthur-Cuneglas-150x150.webp

Historical King Arthur: Cuneglas?

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Who-was-St.-Arthmael-150x150.webp

Historical King Arthur: St. Arthmael?

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Arthurian-References-in-Medieval-Welsh-Manuscripts-150x150.webp

Legendary King Arthur: The Welsh Myths

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/King-Uther-Pendragon-150x150.webp

Legendary King Arthur: Post-Galfridian Myths

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Legendary-King-Arthur-The-Pre-Galfridian-Characters-150x150.webp

Legendary King Arthur: The Pre-Galfridian Heroes

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Legendary-King-Arthur-Early-King-Arthur-150x150.webp

King Arthur (Pre-Galfridian)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Beli-Mawr-son-of-Manogan-150x150.webp

Beli Mawr, son of Manogan

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ysbaddaden-150x150.webp

Ysbaddaden

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Creirwy-150x150.webp

Creirwy

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ceridwen-150x150.webp

Ceridwen

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Taliesin-150x150.webp

Taliesin

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Mabon-ap-Modron-150x150.webp

Mabon ap Modron

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Lludd-of-the-Silver-Hand-150x150.webp

Lludd Llaw Ereint

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Gwyddno-Garanhir-150x150.webp

Gwyddno Garanhir

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Culhwch-150x150.webp

Culhwch

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Bladud-150x150.webp

Bladud

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Afallach-150x150.webp

Afallach

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Olwen-150x150.webp

Olwen

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Nimue-Lady-of-the-lake-150x150.webp

Nimue, Lady of the Lake

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Modron-150x150.webp

Modron

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Creiddylad-150x150.webp

Creiddylad

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Heroes-and-Villains-of-King-Arthur-150x150.webp

Legendary King Arthur: The Post-Galfridian Characters

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Mosaic_in_Villa_Romana_del_Casale-150x150.jpg

Life in Roman Britain

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Council-of-the-Gods-e1673362569981-150x150.jpg

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Cage_-_Big_Game_Hunt_mosaic_-_Villa_Romana_del_Casale-150x150.jpg

Roman Villas - Farms

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Littlecote-Roman-Villa-1-150x150.jpg

Roman Villas - A House in the Country

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Roman_pottery_from_Britain-150x150.jpg

Roman Industry and Crafts

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/The-Martyrdom-of-St-Agnes-at-the-roman-Basilica-150x150.jpg

The Development of Roman Towns

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Basilica-Sempronia-Reconstruction-150x150.jpg

How did the Romans Rule Britain?

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/RIB808-150x150.jpg

Latin Abbreviations and Acronyms

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Mining-in-Roman-Britain-150x150.jpg

Mining in Roman Britain

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Roman-Calendar-150x150.jpg

The Roman Calendar

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/The_Temple_Pediment_of_the_Temple_Sulis_Minerva_at_Bath_Roman_Baths-scaled-e1656852289359-150x150.jpg

The Gods of Roman Britain

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Nemeton-Religious-Groves-150x150.jpg

Nemeton - Religious Groves

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Bas_relief_from_Arch_of_Marcus_Aurelius_showing_sacrifice-scaled-e1661542399745-150x150.jpg

Roman Festivals and Games

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Ave-Caesar-Io-Saturnalia-Lawrence_Alma-Tadema-150x150.jpg

Roman Festivals - Saturnalia

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Roman_currency-Bottesford_hoard-150x150.jpg

Roman Units & Currency

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Colosseum-Entrance_LII-150x150.jpg

Roman Numerals - The Roman Numeric System

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/People-of-Roman-Britain-150x150.webp

People of Roman Britain

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Roman_generals_and_emperors_closeup_in_the_frieze_of_the_Great_Hall_of_the_National_Galleries_Scotland_by_William_Brassey_Hole_1897-150x150.jpg

Roman Governors of Britania

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Caractacus-Claudius-Birrell-Fuseli-150x150.jpeg

British Celtic Nobles of Roman Britain

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Italian_School_-_Roman_Consuls_from_LAntica_Roma_1825-e1656256522436-150x150.jpg

Who were the Roman Consuls?

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Bust_of_Roman_Emperor_Hadrian_from_Tivoli-150x150.jpg

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Historia-Augusta-The-Life-of-Hadrian-150x150.jpg

Emperor Hadrian - Rome's Absent Ruler

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Hadrians-Wall-North-Gate-Arch-Of-Milecastle-37-150x150.jpg

Roman Sites in Britain

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Tredegar-Fort-Gaer-Hillfort3-150x150.jpg

Hill Forts of the Silures

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Danebury_Fort-Hillfort-150x150.jpg

Iron-Age hillforts

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Hardknott_Roman_Fort-150x150.jpg

A-Z of Places of Roman Britain

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Hadrians-Wall-–-Milecastle-42-–-Cawfields-2-150x150.jpg

Temples and Shrines of Roman Britain

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Ptolemy-Map-of-Britain-150x150.jpg

Literary References

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Gustave-Boulanger-The-Flute-Concert-150x150.jpg

Roman literature & Roman Writers

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Zosimus-150x150.webp

Zosimus

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/New-History-by-Zosimus-150x150.webp

New History, Book 1

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Zosimus-New-History-Book-2-150x150.webp

New History, Book 2

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Zosimus-New-history-Book-3-150x150.webp

New History, Book 3

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Zosimus-New-history-Book-4-150x150.webp

New History, Book 4

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Zosimus-New-history-Book-5-150x150.webp

New History, Book 5

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Zosimus-New-history-Book-6-150x150.webp

New History, Book 6

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Appian-of-Alexandria-150x150.webp

Appian

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Histories-of-Appian-The-Civil-Wars-Book-1-150x150.webp

The Histories of Appian, The Civil Wars, Book 1

The Histories of Appian, The Civil Wars, Book II

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Histories-of-Appian-The-Civil-Wars-Book-III-150x150.webp

The Histories of Appian, The Civil Wars, Book III

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Histories-of-Appian-The-Civil-Wars-Book-IV-150x150.webp

The Histories of Appian, The Civil Wars, Book IV

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Histories-of-Appian-The-Civil-Wars-Book-V-150x150.webp

The Histories of Appian, The Civil Wars, Book V

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Claudian-the-Roman-author-150x150.webp

Claudian, Roman Author

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Panegyric-on-the-Consulship-of-Probinus-and-Olybrius-150x150.webp

Panegyric on the Consulship of Probinus and Olybrius

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Claudian-Against-Rufinus-150x150.webp

Claudian, Against Rufinus

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Claudian-The-War-Against-Gildo-150x150.webp

Claudian, The War Against Gildo

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Claudian-Against-Eutropius-150x150.webp

Claudian, Against Eutropius

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Claudian-Fescennine-Verses-in-Honour-of-theMarriage-of-the-Emperor-Honorius-150x150.webp

Claudian, Fescennine Verses in Honour of theMarriage of the Emperor Honorius

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Claudian-Epithalamium-of-Honorius-and-Maria-150x150.webp

Claudian, Epithalamium of Honorius and Maria

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Claudian-Panegyric-on-the-Consulship-of-the-Emperor-Honorius-150x150.webp

Claudian, Panegyric on the Consulship of the Emperor Honorius (A.D. 396)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/ClaudianPanegyric-on-the-Consulship-of-Fl.-Manlius-Theodorus-150x150.webp

Claudian,Panegyric on the Consulship of Fl. Manlius Theodorus (A.D. 399)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Stilichos-consulship-in-AD400--150x150.webp

Claudian, On Stilicho's Consulship (A.D. 400)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Sixth-Consulship-of-the-Emperor-Honorius-150x150.webp

Claudian, Panegyric on the Sixth Consulship of the Emperor Honorius (A.D. 404)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Claudian-The-Gothic-War-150x150.webp

Claudian, The Gothic War

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Rape-of-Proserpine-150x150.webp

The Rape of Proserpine

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Julian-Panegyric-in-Honour-of-Constantius-150x150.webp

Julian: Panegyric in Honour of Constantius

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Julian-The-Heroic-Deeds-of-the-Emperor-Constantius-or-On-Kingship-150x150.webp

Julian: The Heroic Deeds of the Emperor Constantius, or, On Kingship

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Julian-Panegyric-in-Honour-of-the-Empress-Eusebia-150x150.webp

Julian: Panegyric in Honour of the Empress Eusebia

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Julian-Hymn-to-King-Helios-150x150.webp

Julian: Hymn to King Helios

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Julian-Hymn-to-the-Mother-of-the-Gods-150x150.webp

Julian: Hymn to the Mother of the Gods

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Cicero-150x150.webp

Cicero

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ammianus-Marcellinus-150x150.webp

Ammianus Marcellinus

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Roman-History-Book-XIV-150x150.webp

The Roman History, Book XIV (353-356AD).

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Roman-History-Book-XV-150x150.webp

The Roman History, Book XV (354-355AD).

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Roman-History-Book-XVI-150x150.webp

The Roman History, Book XVI (356-356AD).

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Roman-History-Book-XVII-150x150.webp

The Roman History, Book XVII (357-358AD).

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Roman-History-Book-XVIII-359AD-150x150.webp

The Roman History, Book XVIII (359AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Roman-History-Book-XIX-150x150.webp

The Roman History, Book XIX (359AD)

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The Roman History, Book XX (360AD)

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The Roman History, Book XXI (360-361AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Roman-History-Book-XXIII-150x150.webp

The Roman History, Book XXIII(363AD).

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Roman-History-Book-XXIV-150x150.webp

The Roman History, Book XXIV(363AD).

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Roman-History-Book-XXV-150x150.webp

The Roman History, Book XXV(363AD).

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Roman-History-Book-XXVI-150x150.webp

The Roman History, Book XXVI(363-366AD).

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Book-XXVIII-of-The-Roman-History-150x150.webp

The Roman History, Book XXVIII (368-370AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Roman-History-Book-XXIX-150x150.webp

The Roman History, Book XXIX (371-373AD)

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The Roman History, Book XXX (374AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Roman-History-Book-XXXI-150x150.webp

The Roman History, Book XXXI (375-378AD)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Roman-History-Book-XXVII-150x150.webp

The Roman History, Book XXVII (367-368AD).

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Witan_hexateuch-150x150.jpg

Gildas: On the Ruin and Conquest of Britain (De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Lawrence_Alma-Tadema_A_Roman_Art_Lover.jpg

Publius Papinius Statius, Silvae

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Sextus Julius Frontinus: Stratagems

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Grand-Ludovisi-Sarcophagus-scaled-e1664964582593-150x150.jpg

Cornelius Tacitus - Agricola

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Karl_von_Piloty_Nero_Roma_egeset_szemleli-150x150.jpg

Cornelius Tacitus - The Annals (Books 1-8)

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Arrian of Nicomedia - Order of battle against the Alans

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Vegetius - The Military Institutions of the Romans (De Re Militari)

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The Gallic Wars: Julius Caesar

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Tiepolo_Vercellae-150x150.jpg

Julius Caesar - The African War

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Julius Caesar: The Alexandrian War

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Historia-Augusta-The-Life-of-Hadrian-150x150.jpg

Historia Augusta - The Life of Hadrian

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Castro_Battle_of_Actium-150x150.jpg

Florus: The Epitome of Roman History

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Destruction-of-the-Temple-of-Jerusalem-by-Francesco-Hayez-150x150.jpg

Titus Flavius Josephus: The Jewish War (Books 5-7)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Destruction-of-the-Temple-of-Jerusalem-by-Francesco-Hayez-150x150.jpg

Titus Flavius Josephus: The Jewish War (Books 1-4)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/The_pursuit_of_Caius_Gracchus-e1667992639250-150x150.jpg

Plutarch's - Plutarch's Lives - Volume 5

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/The_pursuit_of_Caius_Gracchus-e1667992639250-150x150.jpg

Plutarch's - Plutarch's Lives - Volume 3

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/The_pursuit_of_Caius_Gracchus-e1667992639250-150x150.jpg

Plutarch's - Plutarch's Lives - Volume 2

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/The_pursuit_of_Caius_Gracchus-e1667992639250-150x150.jpg

Plutarch's - Plutarch's Lives - Volume 1

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/The_pursuit_of_Caius_Gracchus-e1667992639250-150x150.jpg

Plutarch's - Plutarch's Lives - Volume 4

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/The_Death_of_Paulus_Aemilius_at_the_Battle_of_Cannae-150x150.jpg

Julius Caesar: The Spanish War

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Julius Caesar - The Civil War

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Cornelius Tacitus - The Annals (Books 11-16)

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Welsh Medieval Literature

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Book-of-Aneirin-150x150.webp

The Book of Aneirin

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Y Gododdin

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The Gwarchan of Tudvwlch

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The Gwarchan of Adebon

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The Gwarchan of Cynfelyn

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The Gwarchan of Maelderw

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Dinogad's Smock

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The Battle of the Trees

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The Spoils of Annwfn

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Marwnad-Cynddylan-150x150.webp

Marwnad Cynddylan

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Annales-Cambriae-150x150.webp

Annales Cambriae

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Geraint-son-of-Erbin-150x150.webp

Geraint son of Erbin

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Pa-gur-Arthur-and-the-Porter-150x150.webp

Arthur and the Porter

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Stanzas-or-Verses-of-the-Graves-150x150.webp

Stanzas of the Graves

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Brut-y-Tywysogion-150x150.webp

The Chronicle Of The Princes Of Wales

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Book-of-Taliesin-150x150.webp

The Book of Taliesin

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Death-song-of-Uther-Pendragon-150x150.webp

The Death-song of Uther Pendragon

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Hostile-Confederacy-150x150.webp

The Hostile Confederacy

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Song-of-the-Horses-150x150.webp

The Song of the Horses

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Death-song-of-Aeddon-150x150.webp

The Death-song of Aeddon

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-First-Address-of-Taliesin-150x150.webp

The First Address of Taliesin

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Elegy-of-the-Thousand-Sons-150x150.webp

The Elegy of the Thousand Sons

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Mabinogion-150x150.webp

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Dream-of-Rhonabwy-150x150.webp

The Dream of Rhonabwy

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Lludd and Llefelys

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Peredur, son of Efrawg

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Geraint and Enid

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Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain

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Culhwch and Olwen

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Dream-of-Macsen-Wledig-150x150.webp

The Dream of Macsen Wledig

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-History-of-Taliesin-150x150.webp

The History of Taliesin

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The Lives of the Saints

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Life of St Collen

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The Legend of St. Goeznovius

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The Life of St. Cadog

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The Life of St. Gildas

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The Life of St. Illtud

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The Life of St. Carannog

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/St-Padarn-150x150.webp

The Life of St. Padarn

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Life-of-St-Efflam-150x150.webp

Life of St. Efflam

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The Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain

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The Welsh Triads

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The Dialogue of Gwyn ap Nudd and Gwyddno Garanhir

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Kadeir-Teyrnon-150x150.webp

The Chair of the Sovereign

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Dialogue-of-Melwas-and-Gwenhwyfar-150x150.webp

Dialogue of Melwas and Gwenhwyfar

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Arthur and the Eagle

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Four Branches of the Mabinogi

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The First Branch of the Mabinogi: Pwyll Pendeuc Dyfed

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Math Son of Mathonwy

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Manawydan mab Llŷr

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The Second Branch of the Mabinogi: Branwen Daughter of Llyr

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King Urien and Modron daughter of Avallach

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Gaius Cornelius Tacitus - The Histories - British References

Cornelius Tacitus: The Histories

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Coinage-of-Tennes-king-of-Sidon-dated-351-mBC-150x150.png

British Tribal Coinage

The Inscribed Coins of the Atrebates

The Inscribed Coins of the Cantiaci

The Inscribed Coins of the Trinovantes

The Inscribed Coins of the Durotriges

The Inscribed Coins of the Iceni

The Inscribed Coins of the Catuvellauni

The Inscribed Coins of the Dobunni

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Julius-Caesar-Invasion-of-Kent-Cassells-150x150.jpg

Gallic Wars - Book IV Chapters 20-38

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Gallic Wars - Book V Chapters 1-23

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/A_Roman_Feast_Saturnalia_Second_Half_of_the_19th_cen-150x150.jpg

Cassius Dio Cocceianus – The Histories of Rome

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The Coligny Tablet

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Polybius (c. 200 – c. 118 BC)

Vallum Hadriani - Roman Souvenirs From the Wall

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Marcus Annaeus Lucanus - Pharsalia - 'The Grove of the Druids'

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/The-Triumph-of-Marius-150x150.webp

Gaius Cornelius Tacitus - The Annals of Imperial Rome

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Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus - The Twelve Caesars

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The Life of Julius Caesar

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/the-emperor-augustus-closing-the-doors-of-the-temple-of-janus-follower-of-gerard-de-lairesse-150x150.jpg

The Life of Augustus

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The Life of Tiberius

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The Life of Caligula

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The Life of Claudius

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The Life of Nero

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The Life of Galba

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The Life of Otho

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The Life of Vitellius

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The Life of Titus

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The Life of Vespasian

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/The-Life-of-Domitian-2-e1664563198974-150x150.jpg

The Life of Domitian

Roman Coinage Mentioning or Minted in Britain

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Notitia_Dignitatum_-_Comes_litoris_Saxonici_per_Britanniam-150x150.jpg

The Notitia Dignitatum - The British Section

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The Geography of Ptolemy

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Gaius Cornelius Tacitus - The Agricola

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The Antonine Itinerary Iter Britanniarum - The British Section

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Military Diplomata - Naming British Garrison Units

Military Diplomata - AD105

Military Diplomata - 103AD (RIB 1401.1)

Military Diplomata - AD 98

Military Diplomata - 105 AD (RIB 2401.3)

Military Diplomata - AD 122

Military Diplomata - 124AD (RIB 2401.6)

Military Diplomata c.126AD (b)

Military Diplomata c.AD126a

Military Diplomata - c AD126 (RIB 2401.7)

Military Diplomata - AD 132

Military Diplomata - AD 135 (RIB 2401.8)

Military Diplomata - AD 135 (RIB 2401.9)

Military Diplomata - AD 145/6 (RIB 2401.10)

Military Diplomata - AD 158

Mars/Camulos Plaque from London

The Ravenna Cosmography - The British Section

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Nennius-Historia-Brittonum-150x150.webp

Nennius' Historia Brittonum

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Tabula Peutingeria - The British Section

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Conversation-between-Pliny-the-Elder-and-the-emperor-Vespasian-150x150.jpg

Classical References to the Geography of Roman Britain - Classical Geographia

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De Munitionibus Castrorum - Pseudo-Hyginus

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/The_Course_of_Empire_The_Consummation_of_Empire-150x150.jpg

Eutropius (AD 363–387) - Brief History of Rome from its Foundation

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Livy (59 BC – AD 17)

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Plutarch, Caesar

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Historia Augusta

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/School-of-Athens-detail-from-right-hand-side-showing-Diogene-150x150.jpg

Strabo, Geography

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Literary References for Post Roman Britain

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Gweir-Spoils-of-Annwfn-150x150.webp

The Spoils of Annwfn (Preiddeu Annwfn)

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Bedes-Ecclesiastical-History-of-England-Tapastry-150x150.webp

Bede's Ecclesiastical History of England

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Panegyrici Latini

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Panegyric-VII-150x150.webp

Panegyric VII

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Panegyric-VIII-150x150.webp

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Vortigern-Dragons-150x150.jpg

Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae